Of the many mysteries surrounding the life history of dinosaurs, one of the more enduring is how such gigantic organisms regulated their body temperature. In a new study published in Public Library of Science Biology, James Gillooly, Andrew Allen, and Eric Charnov revisit — and resolve — this debate. The researchers used a mathematical model that provided estimates of dinosaur body temperature based on developmental growth trajectories inferred from juvenile and adult fossil bones of the same species. The model predicts that dinosaur body temperature did increase with body mass. These results suggest that the largest dinosaurs (but not the smaller ones) had relatively constant body temperatures maintained through thermal inertia.

PUZZLE 1: Last Saturday, at the opening of Summerset Gallery’s Summer Watercolours Exhibit, paintings by six different local artists were sold to local collectors. Each of the paintings is of a different Summerset scene, and each sold for a different amount of money. Given the clues below, can you solve this Challenger Logic Puzzle by finding each watercolour’s title, the full name (one first name is Ian, one surname Brewer) of the artist who painted it, and how much the painting cost its buyer?

The painting sold for a total of $2,200, with the least expensive costing its buyer $150.

Eustis’ watercolour sold for twice as much as Monk’s Cave.

Indian Mounds sold for $100 more than Arliss’ painting, which cost $100 more than Lynda’s work.

Neither The Bandstand nor Freedman’s School sold for the highest amount; Kevin’s work is neither of these two watercolors.

Arliss isn’t the painter of County Courthouse.

Davis’ watercolour sold for more than Cramer’s; neither is Grand Falls.

Heather isn’t the artist who did The Bandstand.

Neither Arliss nor Farmer painted Monk’s Cave.

Kevin and Cramer each entered only one work in the exhibit.

James, who isn’t Arliss, got more for his watercolour than the artist who painted Freedman’s School got.

Marie’s painting sold for twice as much as County Courthouse, which cost twice as much as Farmer’s work did.

Solutions on October 9

CORRECT ENTRIES

September 11

S. P. S. Jain, Noida; Angshumit Dasgupta; Ranjan Sur Chaudhury, Sodepur; Kankan Basu, Salt Lake; Piyush Ahuja, Behala; Parmeet Kaur, Jamshedpur; Anjan Chattopadhyay, Ranchi; Anup Goswami, Guwahati; Arpita Roychowdhury, Durgapur; Vandana Ojha, Asansol; Divya Jha, Howrah; Ankush Saha, New Alipore; Anshuman Banerjee, Salt Lake

Please send in your entries within 10 days to knowhow@abpmail.com. Mention the date on which the puzzle was published as the subject of your mail.

PUZZLE CRACKED

The response this week (September 11) was not that good. The solution sent by brainstormer S. P. S. Jain is given below.

Solution: The unique solution is 3479. This can be found by making a list of the 126 different four-digit numbers satisfying the criteria, calculating the three specified functions for each of them, and marking any unique values for each function. Those numbers with a unique value in a function indicate an immediate decision for the corresponding son, which does not occur, and so can be eliminated. This produces a shorter list for the next hour, and the process is repeated. After four hours the final list contains exactly one number which has marked values for all three functions, indicating that all 3 sons can determine the number as stated in the problem.