tech wonder: Embedded systems were used in the recent Mars mission

An embedded system is a special purpose computer used inside a device. It introduces advanced technologies and solutions for emerging embedded applications, including digital consumer electronics, automotive, wireless computing and factory automation. Embedded systems were also used in the recent Mars mission.

Embedded systems are designed to perform a specific function within a given time frame. They are found inside (besides PCs or workstations) devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs), toys, automobiles, mobile phones, microwave ovens, music systems, digital cameras, access cards, TVs, MP3 players, ATMs, traffic signals, etc.

Embedded technology provides the intelligence for an electronics product, right from basic function like sending an SMS on mobile phones to advanced functions like tracking the position of a launched missile. This technology has enabled the electronics industry to grow at a phenomenal rate.

What do i have to do?

To be successful in this career, you need strong analytic, diagnostic and problem solving skills as well as the ability to generate ideas and solutions.

Engineers who work with embedded systems make use of digital signal-processing techniques. The field provides several possible entry points, from microcontrollers that come with built-in DSP-type functions to dedicated DSP chips, and on to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) that accommodate many signal-processing operations at the same time. Many companies offer programming tools, development boards and software packages for this purpose.

Embedded system engineers combine core programming skills, design and testing techniques with knowledge of automotive microcontrollers. Using off-the-shelf controller boards and custom electronic circuit designs, they integrate real world signals into a product or control system, putting you ahead of the competition with up-to-date technology. For highly specialised applications they design custom IC boards using the latest technology available.

What should i study?

Candidates with an aggregate of 60 per cent marks or above in a graduate degree (including BE/BTech or MSc) in electronics/electrical engineering/computer science, telecommunication/instrumentation or MCA are eligible to study towards this degree. It is also essential to have proficiency in computer languages like C/C++ and Java as well as exposure to computer architecture, operating systems, computer networks.

What next?

Embedded Internet and Internet appliances are the focus of great attention in the computing industry today. In fact, they are seen as the future of computing. The design of such devices presents many technical challenges.

Embedded systems play a crucial role in design and manufacture of devices and systems. Today 94 per cent of the chips/microprocessors produced in the market are embedded products.

Depending on their areas of usage, embedded systems fall into different categories like consumer electronics which includes microwave ovens, digital cameras, CD players, DVD players, washing machines, set top box, etc. Telecommunications which encompasses telephone switches, cellular phones, etc. In the medical field, embedded technology can be seen in biologically interfaced systems, medical control systems, pacemakers, etc. In the automotive sector, it includes engine controllers, anti-lock brake controllers, etc.

There are opportunities in the design, development, and implementation processes, project management, production and operations. A few sectors, which offer interesting and rewarding job opportunities are the aeronautical and space industries, rail and road industries, automobile/automotive industries, telecommunication, medicine, electronic equipment, etc.

Career prospects are very bright for students trained in real-time embedded systems since this segment is witnessing a phenomenal growth.

where to study

• International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad.
• The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune.
• Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.
• Micromax Informatics Ltd, East Patel Nagar, New Delhi.
• DOEACC Centre, Calicut, http://www.cedtic.com.